Refined oils such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) can be measured using a refined oil fluorometer. Refined oils are volatile organic compounds that are found in petroleum derivatives. They can be harmful to both humans and animals if absorbed through the skin, ingested or inhaled. Oils can adhere to fish gills and affect their respiration. They can also adhere to and destroy algae and plankton, which is a primary producer in the food chain.

AP-2000

AP-5000

AP-7000

AP-LITE

monitoring

Refined Oil

We are often asked about the differences between vented and non-vented (or absolute pressure) groundwater dataloggers, and which is better. This article presents a summary discussion of the information we typically provide on this frequently asked question.

The primary difference between these two types of dataloggers is that the vented variety has a tube running from the datalogger to ground surface, while the non-vented datalogger does not. The tube connects the vented datalogger's transducer to ground surface, thereby providing connection to the atmosphere.

Datalogger

Diver

monitoring

In 2013 Visual MODFLOW Flex demonstrated the power of MODFLOW-USG through the use of Voronoi polygon unstructured grids. By focusing the grid resolution "where it counts", you can achieve higher accuracy and more efficient run times over structured MODFLOW grids. Building on the new capabilities of MODFLOW-USG and leveraging the flexibility that comes with a grid-independent conceptual model, we are pleased to demonstrate layer-dependent discretization using Quad-Based UnStructured grids in Visual MODFLOW Flex.

groundwater model

MODFLOW-USG

Visual MODFLOW Flex

The comprehensive book "FEFLOW - Finite Element Modeling of Flow, Mass and Heat Transport in Porous and Fractured Media" written by H.J. G. Diersch is now published by Springer.

It represents a theoretical textbook and covers a wide range of physical and computational issues in the field of porous/fractured-media modeling. The book starts with a more general theory for all relevant flow and transport phenomena on the basis of the continuum approach, systematically develops the basic framework for important classes of problems (e.g., multiphase/multispecies non-isothermal flow and transport phenomena, variably saturated porous media, free-surface groundwater flow, aquifer-averaged equations, discrete feature elements), introduces finite element techniques for solving the basic multidimensional balance equations, in detail discusses advanced numerical algorithms for the resulting nonlinear and linear problems, and completes with a number of benchmarks, applications and exercises to illustrate the different types of flow, mass and heat transport problems (e.g., subsurface flow and seepage problems, unsaturated-saturated flow, advective-diffusion transport, saltwater intrusion, geothermal and thermohaline flow).

Book

FEFLOW